Drawing on the OMFIF commonwealth of experts, opinion-formers and lead actors, our Corona Consequences series presents a debate that aims to be intriguing, stimulating, provocative and partial. We span politics, economics, technology, environment issues and psychology. Scanning the international scene through the OMFIF central banking and public policy lens, writers encompass a wide spectrum of geography and opinion.

Euro area central bank losses increase complications for monetary policy
Heterogeneous EMU and German court actions worsen balance sheet problems

Brics members face obstacles on road to de-dollarisation
Common currency suggestions give way to second-best bilateral clearing

Central bank losses will eventually turn into profits
Czech National Bank provides a useful case study

IT transformations underway for central bank reserve managers
Data rapidly becoming more important for reserve management

Greece is back but the recovery is not over
Investment grade status awarded for the first time in 12 years

Xi Jinping’s historical view of economics hampering China’s growth
Slowdown in China has roots in enduring structural problems

How debt-for-nature swaps can affect sovereign credit
Buyback of sovereign bonds at discount can be viewed as default by Moody’s

All talk and slow action on the ESG front
Central banks focus more on environmental, social and governance criteria while regional level disparities persist

Flexibility is the main appeal of transition finance
Local context should be taken into consideration but there are challenges for broad adoption

Import substitution will harm fiscal policy and economic growth
Restricting trade can have a snowball effect

Friendshoring gaining traction in central bank reserves
African and Asian central banks shift to China

Demographic forces bound to affect sovereign ratings and development
Ageing populations are set to slow global growth and weigh on credit ratings

Fitch downgrade of US is odd but not pointless
The decision hopefully signals a longer-term wake-up call